Unsteady filtration under maximal draw-off velocities of Tupolang water reservoir

کاربرد آزمایشات Water Injection / Fall off به جای Draw Down/ Build up در چاه های توصیفی

Optimal Pipelines Sizing for Distribution Systems with Draw-off Stations

The present study focuses on developing a cost function for pump-pipelines system with emitters randomly distributed along the pipelines. The objective function is based on the capital cost of the piping system, pumps and the cost of energy required to operate the system. Employing the least annual cost principle to obtain the optimal diameter of each pipe leads to a nonlinear system of equatio...

Membraneless water filtration using CO2

Water purification technologies such as microfiltration/ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis utilize porous membranes to remove suspended particles and solutes. These membranes, however, cause many drawbacks such as a high pumping cost and a need for periodic replacement due to fouling. Here we show an alternative membraneless method for separating suspended particles by exposing the colloidal s...

Water Filtration Using Plant Xylem

Effective point-of-use devices for providing safe drinking water are urgently needed to reduce the global burden of waterborne disease. Here we show that plant xylem from the sapwood of coniferous trees--a readily available, inexpensive, biodegradable, and disposable material--can remove bacteria from water by simple pressure-driven filtration. Approximately 3 cm(3) of sapwood can filter water ...

Water-escape velocities in jumping blacktip sharks.

This paper describes the first determination of water-escape velocities in free-ranging sharks. Two approximations are used to estimate the final swimming speed at the moment of penetrating the water surface. Blacktip sharks were videotaped from below the surface and parameters were estimated by analysing the sequences frame by frame. Water-escape velocities averaged 6.3 ms(-1). These velocitie...